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The built-in FTP.EXE client in MS-DOS 6.22 speaks plain FTP only. It does not support TLS, FTPS, or SFTP. Modern FTP servers often push encrypted connections by default, which makes them unusable from a retro MS-DOS machine on the same lab network.

This post walks through installing and configuring vsftpd on Debian 13 (Trixie) with encryption explicitly disabled, so files can be transferred to and from MS-DOS 6.22 using the stock FTP client. The same approach applies to other plain-FTP DOS clients, such as NCFTP.

By default, partitions in /etc/fstab are referenced by UUID.

Changing a MySQL user password is always a good idea. It is often done periodically for credential rotation. It can also respond to compromised credentials, for example, when a password is committed by mistake to a code repository.

First, identify the user whose password needs to be changed. In MySQL, users are identified by a username and the host from which they are allowed to connect. In most cases, the host is % (any host) or localhost.

Suppose the local development app is served on the domain application.local, with the following entry in /etc/hosts:

When attempting to upgrade packages from the MySQL APT repository: